Revista de Investigación Intercultural ASAMPITAKOYETE
Universidad Nacional Intercultural de la Amazonía
STUDENT PERCEPTION OF UNIVERSITY SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN A PUBLIC UNIVERSITY
University Social Responsibility (USR) has become a strategic approach in the management of higher education institutions, aimed at integrating academic training, research, and community outreach for the benefit of sustainable development. This research aimed to analyze student perceptions of USR at a public university. The study was conducted using a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, non-experimental design. The population consisted of 1,035 students, of whom 757 participated, selected through non-probability convenience sampling. The data collection technique was a survey, and the instrument was a structured questionnaire administered online. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including the Chi-square (χ²) test, were used to analyze the association between variables. The results show that most students perceive USR as an integrated management approach that integrates academic training, research, and community outreach. However, a significant gap was identified between conceptual knowledge of USR and effective participation in institutional activities, given that more than half of the students had not participated in USR projects. A favorable perception is observed regarding the connection between university social responsibility (USR) and formative research, as well as a high appreciation of the environmental approach and a strong willingness to participate in university volunteer programs. It is concluded that student perception of USR is mostly positive; however, challenges remain related to strengthening student participation, curricular integration, and the institutionalization of formative practices oriented toward social commitment, highlighting the need to consolidate USR as a cross-cutting axis of university management in public universities.
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INCIDENCE OF DAMAGE, BIOLOGICAL CYCLE and MORPHOLOGY OF THE CAMU CAMU BRANCH AND TRUNK BORER Timocratica albella Zeller, 1839 (LEPIDOPTERA: DEPRESSARIIDAE)
Timocratica albella (Lepidoptera: Depressariidae) is a pest that causes severe damage to the branches and trunk of camu camu trees in the Peruvian Amazon. The aim of this study was to describe the incidence of damage, biological cycle and morphology of the different developmental stages of this camu camu branch and trunk borer. The study was conducted in camu camu plots in the hamlets of Padre Bernardo and Nueva Esperanza de Panaillo, in Yarinacocha, Ucayali, Peru. The incidence of T. albella damage was assessed using a row sampling method within one hectare of plot per hamlet. The life cycle was determined under laboratory conditions at an average temperature of 28°C and 58–60% relative humidity. The percentage of damage was 91–95% in Padre Bernardo and 47–64% in Nueva Esperanza de Panaillo. The total duration of the T. albella life cycle averaged 207.8 days; the egg stage lasted 11.5 ± 0.9 days; the larval stage had nine instars lasting 164.8 ± 6.0 days; the pupal stage lasted 25.6 ± 8.9 days; and the adult stage lasted 5.7 ± 1.0 days. T. albella larvae consumed 21 to 78 cm² of the outer bark (rhytidome) throughout their development and were particularly voracious in the final instar. The described morphological characteristics allow for the identification of the developmental stages and sexual dimorphism of adult T. albella in the field.
EDGE-AI IN EMBEDDED SYSTEMS: ENERGY-COMPUTATIONAL MODELS AND METRICS. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Edge AI integrates AI, edge computing, and mobile edge computing to process data near the source with low latency, low power consumption, and greater privacy. It addresses the need to run local inference on resource-constrained devices (sensors, MCUs, SBCs like the Jetson Nano or Raspberry Pi, FPGAs, and accelerators like the Edge TPU) without relying on the cloud for real-time processing. This systematic review focuses on hardware-software co-optimization: compact models (quantized and pruned CNNs, lightweight YOLO-lite variants, SNNs) and toolchains (TensorFlow Lite Micro, CMSIS-NN, TVM/microTVM) that balance accuracy, latency, and power while minimizing RAM/Flash footprint. This approach is key in healthcare, transportation, industrial security, and home automation. Although there is a history of this field, it has grown rapidly in the last five years. Articles published between 2020 and 2025 were reviewed using the Google Scholar and Scopus search engines, with Boolean operators applied. Twenty-four articles were included based on computational models, edge hardware, and energy metrics. Edge AI in embedded systems has matured in the development process, but it still relies heavily on prototype development platforms. Similarly, energy metrics need to be standardized to compare realistic performance between solutions, considering external factors that may affect them.
MODULATION OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL FUNCTIONALITY OF COWPEA BEAN FLOUR (Vigna unguiculata) (Var. Chiclayo marron) BY PARTICLE SIZE CLASSIFICATION
Cowpea flour (Vigna unguiculata) has high functional potential in food systems, although the effect of particle size on its properties has been little studied. This study evaluated the influence of particle size on the physicochemical and techno-functional properties of cowpea flour, specifically the Chiclayo Marron variety. Three fractions (60, 120, and 200 mesh) were obtained by milling and sieving. pH, titratable acidity, ash, and moisture content were determined, as well as water and oil absorption capacity, foaming capacity, emulsifying capacity, and swelling capacity. The tests were performed in triplicate and analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05). Reducing the particle size decreased the fractionation yield but significantly increased water and oil absorption and foaming capacity. Emulsifying capacity showed a non-linear behavior, while swelling capacity was independent of particle size. These results confirm that particle size classification is an effective strategy for modulating the functionality of cowpea flour.
PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF CROSSBRED EWE LAMBS FED QUINOA CHAFF TREATED WITH UREA
Ecuadorian sheep production takes place on pastures, with low protein percentages and high fiber levels, which results in poor weight gain. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of quinoa straw in terms of intake, in vitro digestibility, and energy contribution in 16 crossbred ewe lambs, with an initial weight of 28.06 kg, using proportions of 0, 100, 200, and 300 g of quinoa straw and their productive performance at 120 days. A completely randomized design was used, with four treatments and four replicates. The data obtained were analyzed using Infostat (2020), through ANOVA and Tukey's test with a statistical significance level of p<0.01. The diets resulted in weight gains between 3.4 and 10.49 kg, depending on the experimental conditions of quinoa straw inclusion in the rations. All diets were variable and viable for feeding the ewe lambs, showing differences in feed conversion ranging from 3.13 to 6.52 depending on the dietary formulation. The highest level of quinoa straw (300 g) improved nutrient intake without affecting consumption habits.
EVIDENCE OF NURSING CARE: AN ANALYSIS OF NURSES' EXPERIENCES IN A PERUVIAN HOSPITAL
The aim of this study was to analyze the nursing care experiences of nurses in the Medical Ward of the "Eleazar Guzmán Barrón" Regional Hospital in Ancash, Peru. This was a qualitative study. The sample consisted of eight nurses from the hospitalization service of Medicine. The sample size was determined using saturation techniques. Creativity and sensitivity exercises were conducted using the almanac technique, and the analysis of experiences was carried out using Freire's critical-reflective discourse. Five categories were identified: ethical/legal value, evidence of quality, invisible care, duplication of records, and records that limit nursing activities. Nursing care records are documentary evidence of the quality of care provided and a fundamental pillar of the ethics and legality of nursing practice.
INFLUENCE OF AMMONIA ON THE STABILIZATION OF Hevea brasiliensis Muell. -Arg. (SHIRINGA) LATEX FOR SHEET PRODUCTION OF SHEETS
This research aimed to determine the influence of ammonia on the stabilization of Hevea brasiliensis Muell. -Arg. (shiringa) latex for sheet production. An experimental design was used. 120 liters of latex were distributed across four treatments (T0: no ammonia, T1: 5 mL/L, T2: 6 mL/L, and T3: 7 mL/L), with three replicates for a total of 12 experimental units, each containing 10 L of latex. A 26% ammonia solution was used. Hardness, thickness, weight, and the influence of the ammonia dosage were evaluated. The latex shelf life was assessed daily, and the ease of coagulation was assessed every three days. Duncan's multiple range test and regression analysis were used to determine the significant correlation between the shelf life of the dosed latex and the quality of the resulting sheet, with a significance level of 95%. Treatment T3 proved to be the most effective, with an average lifespan of 16 days. There was no statistically significant difference between treatments. It is concluded that ammonia does not affect the quality of the resulting sheets, but it does affect the useful life of the latex.
BIOMETRIC RELATIONSHIPS AND EXPLOITATION OF Mylossoma albiscopum ("PALOMETA") IN THE UCAYALI RIVER, PERU
This study aimed to analyze the biometric relationships and exploitation of Mylossoma albiscopum (“palometa”) in the Ucayali River, Peru. Length-weight and age-length relationships were evaluated based on data collected between 2008 and 2019 by the Peruvian Marine Institute (IMARPE). The results showed positive allometric growth in both sexes (females: Pt = 0.024 Lt³·2⁴; males: Pt = 0.03 Lt³·1¹), with a significant difference (ANOVA, p < 0.0001). Growth was rapid, reaching 14.0 cm in the first year and an asymptotic length of 33.81 cm (K = 0.49 year⁻¹; t₀ = –0.29 years). Total mortality was Z = 2.96, with natural mortality M = 1.15 and fishing mortality F = 1.81, resulting in an exploitation rate E = 0.61, exceeding the sustainability limit (E < 0.5). These results demonstrate a state of overexploitation of the species in the Ucayali basin, jeopardizing population renewal and highlighting the need for sustainable fisheries management measures aimed at conserving this key resource for Amazonian food security.
La Universidad Nacional Intercultural de la Amazonia, fue creada mediante Ley 27250, en diciembre del año 1999, con la finalidad de a) atender la formación profesional de los grupos etnolingüísticos de la región amazónica, b) Fomentar el desarrollo sostenible de la amazonia y c) contribuir a difundir la cultura de los pueblos originarios en un contexto de pluralidad y diversidad cultural. Es en este contexto que nace la Revista de esta institución con el nombre de Asampitakoyete, que en lengua Ashaninka indica conocimiento. Es por eso que, iniciamos con profunda satisfacción, este primer numero, que reúne los trabajos en su mayoría de los docente de esta Casa de Estudios, y que estamos seguros, será el inicio de un de una actividad motivadora, tantos para ellos mismos como para toda la comunidad universitaria nacional e internacional, que con sus aportes enriquecerán el acervo delos pueblos originarios y de la biodiversidad amazónica. Saludamos el esfuerzo, del cuerpo editorial y les deseamos lo mejor con el inicio e este interesante publicación, que enriquece el quehacer amazonico.
Effect of the Aeration System on physiological and Productive Parameters of Piaractus brachypomus (Paco) in an intensive culture
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the aeration system on the physiological and productive parameters of Piaractus brachypomus (paco). 30,000 specimens were used, with initial weight and length of 44.63 to 45.50 g and 13.35 to 13.68 cm, respectively. A completely randomized design (CRD), two treatments (T1: turbine aerator and T2: paddle aerator) and three replications were applied. 5,000 juveniles were stocked per earthen pond at a density of 3 fish/m2. Biometric sampling was performed monthly, and physiological sampling was performed at the beginning and end of the study. Blood parameters were analyzed by caudal artery puncture. Final weights and lengths per treatment were: T1: 339 g and 26.51 cm; T2: 389.33 g and 27.74 cm, with no significant difference (p: >0.05). There were no variations in daily feed intake, daily weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), biomass, feed conversion ratio, condition factor (K) and species survival. The hematological parameters did not present alterations in the culture, but there were differentiated levels of hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Cortisol presented differentiated levels but did not show alterations in the behavior of the species. The aeration system has a positive effect on the physiological and productive parameters of Piaractus brachypomus (paco) culture.
DESIGN OF TRAINING MODULES IN A COMPETENCY-BASED CURRICULAR APPROACH FROM AN INTERCULTURAL PERSPECTIVE
Competency-based curriculum design in higher education has currently gained relevance in vocational training as a productive technique due to the urgent need to prepare citizens capable of facing the challenges of a globalized world. In this context, training modules become a transcendental didactic strategy for organizing learning around observable, relevant, and contextualized outcomes. However, in multicultural societies such as ours, it is essential to incorporate an intercultural approach in curriculum design and training modules to ensure their social relevance, equity, and recognition of the cultural diversity of the country and the region. This article reviews the literature on the design of training modules from a competency-based curriculum approach, emphasizing the contributions and challenges of the intercultural approach.
TRADITIONAL TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF COFFEE BEAN: A REVIEW
This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the traditional coffee processing process and identify technological innovations for its improvement, with the goal of boosting the sector's recovery. A bibliometric analysis of scientific articles and patents related to coffee post-harvest technology was conducted. The patent analysis identified fermentation as the focus of technological innovations. This overview indicates that producers must join the race for technological development, leveraging their experience in biotechnological processes, which is key to the necessary improvements. The influence of climate change and rising coffee prices highlights the urgent need to modernize processes, with special emphasis on the Robusta variety. The coffee industry is undergoing a technological revolution to address these challenges and quality demands. Traditional technologies are being innovated to increase their productivity and effectiveness, while also moving toward greater sustainability and waste recovery within a circular economy framework under the concept of biorefinery.
LEAN SERVICE IMPLEMENTATION PROPOSAL TO INCREASE MAINTENANCE SERVICE QUALITY AT PRIMERO INNOVA S.A.C., LIMA
This research presents a Lean Service-based proposal to improve the quality of medical equipment maintenance services at Primero Innova S.A.C. in Lima during 2025, aiming to optimize response capacity, reliability, and safety. Using a non-experimental, descriptive, and propositional design, 194 service orders from January to December 2024 were analyzed, of which only 134 were addressed. Descriptive statistical techniques were applied to records of response times, service orders, and complaints. The results revealed an average waiting time of 7 days, a 69.07 % service order completion rate, an average diagnostic time of 18 minutes, a 36.57% incidence repetition rate, and a 74.63 % complaint index, highlighting operational inefficiencies. The Lean Service proposal, based on tools such as Value Stream Mapping (VSM), Kanban, and standardization, projects 100 % service order fulfillment, reduced waiting, diagnostic times and decreased complaints. The proposal requires an initial investment of S/28,560.00, with a projected ROI of 56.56% and a recovery period of 2 months. It is estimated to increase annual revenue to S/274,365.22 and reduce inefficiency costs by S/84,855.22. In conclusion, the Lean Service proposal is technically and economically viable, optimizing processes, enhancing customer satisfaction, and strengthening the company’s competitiveness, offering an adaptable model for Peru’s healthcare sector.
FORMULATION OF LOW TRANS FATTY ACIDS MARGARINES FROM HYDROGENATED PALM OIL
The aim of this study was to formulate two types of margarines based on hydrogenated palm oil products (Elaeis guineensis) (AP) with a low concentration of trans fatty acids. The hydrogenation of palm oil from the Ucayali Region was carried out in a three-liter reactor at 125°C and 1 atm (PH1) and 150°C and 1 atm (PH2), using 7.0 g of Raney Pricatt nickel catalyst. The margarines were formulated with 80% hydrogenated palm oil (PH1 and PH2) in the oil phase, milk, ß-carotene, and 20% in the aqueous phase with water, potassium sorbate, citric acid, sodium chloride, thyme extract, and powdered milk. Tests A and B were performed, the fat of mixture A was 33.3% AP, PH1 and PH2 respectively and that of B was 70% GH2 and 30% AP. The presence of elaidic acid (trans) was 11.8 and 2.7% in PH1 and PH2 respectively. The iodine value was 22.7 and 22.6 g/100 g, saponification value: 270 and 269.8 mg/g and the melting points were 36 and 30 ° C, respectively. Through UV / vis spectrophotometric analysis, it was found that the specific constants at 230 nm for both were less than 0.3 absorbance units, indicating a low concentration of trans fatty acids. The extinction coefficients at 232 nm were 0.254 and 0.272 for A and B, respectively, indicating a low presence of trans fatty acids, and the color index did not differ significantly when stored at 5°C. According to the organoleptic analysis, the quality of test A was superior to that of B in terms of stability and texture. Furthermore, with the aid of microscopy, a better crystalline structure was observed in test B.
REPORTED ADVERSE EFFECTS OF COVID-19 VACCINES. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
The global economic crisis of 2020 caused by the spread of the coronavirus (COVID-19) made vaccines the only hope to end the pandemic. Because the measures implemented were not sufficient, it became necessary to create herd immunity in the population in order to reactivate the global economy. The objective of this research was to describe the adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccines and identify the vaccines that generated the most adverse reactions in the vaccinated population. This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study. The VAERS database reported Guillian Barré syndrome in 94% of cases, and skin and lymph node changes in 47%. Anaphylactic reactions were more frequent with the Pfizer-Biotech, Moderna, and AstraZeneca vaccines; in addition to edema and severe allergies, gastrointestinal problems, hypo- and hypertension, myocarditis, and pericarditis. Despite the adverse effects caused by the vaccines, the population acquired immunity against the disease.
MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF FRUITS OF COCONUT VARIETIES (Cocos nucifera L.) ADAPTED TO THE PERUVIAN AMAZON
Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.), a perennial palm tree of the Arecaceae family, is crucial for the supply of oil and food. The aim of this research was to morphologically characterize four coconut varieties in the District of Pucacaca. The sample consisted of four coconut varieties (giant, yellow dwarf, hybrid, and improved). A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used with four treatments, four blocks, 10 replicates, and 160 experimental units. Weight and diameter were determined; ANOVA and Tukey’s test were applied to identify significant differences between varieties, with a statistical significance level of p <0.05. The giant coconut variety stands out for its greater weight (579.8 g), with equatorial and polar diameters of 10.26 cm and 11.42 cm, respectively; although the improved variety is lighter (488.8 g), it stands out for its consistency in size. The giant coconut offers more copra and endosperm, and its thick shell suggests greater mechanical strength; it is ideal for industrial applications, coconut oil, and coconut water. The hybrid variety balances quantity and quality, suitable for snacks and coconut flour. The improved variety is consistent and is used for homogeneous products and textiles. Morphological analysis of the Pucacaca coconut varieties shows notable differences, which allows for improved utilization of their productive potential and promotes sustainable economic development in the province of Picota.
QUALITY OF WATER SANITATION SERVICES AND USER SATISFACTION OF A SERVICE PROVIDER
The quality of drinking water supplied by stations is essential to ensuring customer health and satisfaction. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the quality of water sanitation services and user satisfaction in a service provider company. This is a descriptive, cross-sectional, and correlational study. The sample consisted of 140 users of a service provider company (EPS) in the city of Caraz, Ancash Department, Peru. Each user was administered an instrument to evaluate service quality (SUNASS, 2007) and another one regarding user satisfaction. The Kolmogorof-Smirnov test and Spearman correlation test were performed with a p-value <0.05. Fifty percent of users reported high and very high levels of service quality. 81.43 % reported high and very high levels of user satisfaction. A low to moderate, positive, and significant correlation was observed between the dimensions of service quality and the satisfaction of the service provider's users. The results of this study showed that the dimensions of service quality were correlated with the satisfaction of the service provider's users.
APPLICATION OF ULTRASOUND IN THE PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION OF FRUIT: A REVIEW
Ultrasound technology is emerging as an innovative, non-thermal alternative for optimizing fruit dehydration and preservation. This study analyzed current applications, challenges, and prospects through a systematic review based on PRISMA guidelines. The research in databases such as Scopus, ScienceDirect, and PubMed covered studies on ultrasound, fruit processing, and dehydration from 2014 to 2024. Analyses of selected studies show that ultrasound can reduce drying time by up to 40 %, improve mass and heat transfer, and preserve bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, carotenoids, and vitamins. Furthermore, combined treatments, such as ultrasound-assisted osmotic dehydration and vacuum drying, generate synergistic effects, reducing energy consumption and improving the rehydration capacity of products. However, challenges remain in optimizing parameters such as frequency, power, and duration, as well as in evaluating the economic viability for large-scale industrial applications. Ultrasound technology is emerging as an efficient and sustainable solution for improving fruit dehydration processes, preserving the nutritional and sensory quality of the products, although adjustments are required for widespread implementation.
MEDICINAL SPECIES USED BY THE INHABITANTS OF THE FLORENCIA DE MORA DISTRICT, TRUJILLO
This study was conducted in the Florencia de Mora district of Trujillo, with the aim of recording and examining the use of medicinal plants by the local population, highlighting ethnobotanical knowledge as a fundamental component of traditional medicine. A qualitative and descriptive approach was adopted, using semi-structured interviews with individuals over 18 years of age, selected using the snowball sampling technique. From the collected data, 30 medicinal species were identified, belonging to 30 genera and 22 botanical families, including Lamiaceae (5 species), Boraginaceae, Malvaceae, and Myrtaceae (3 species each). The prevalence of the Lamiaceae family is consistent with previous research recognizing its medicinal value due to the presence of secondary metabolites. The leaves were the most used part (54 %), followed by the stems (13 %), and the whole plant (11 %), due to their high concentration of active compounds and ease of access. Regarding preparation methods, infusions were the most used (53 %), followed by decoctions (42 %), and juices (4 %), demonstrating empirical knowledge about the extraction of active ingredients. Oral administration was the most common (91 %), while topical use, gargling, and bathing each accounted for 3 %. The findings highlight the relevance of traditional knowledge in urban settings and the importance of preserving it. The transmission of this knowledge from generation to generation has made it possible to treat multiple conditions with local natural resources, reinforcing its role in primary health care and its potential incorporation into modern medicine.
DETERMINING FACTORS FOR THE ADOPTION OF ORGANIC TECHNOLOGIES BY COCOA PRODUCERS (Theobroma cacao L.) IN THE DISTRICT OF IRAZOLA, UCAYALI, PERU
This study aimed to identify the determining factors that influence the adoption of organic technologies by cocoa producers in the Irazola District, Ucayali, Peru. It was a descriptive, correlational study with a non-experimental design. The sample consisted of 50 farmers (34 organic and 16 conventional), members of the Padre Abad Association of Technical Cocoa Producers (ACATPA). The data collection technique was a survey, and the measurement instrument was a questionnaire, which contained social, economic, and environmental variables. The data were previously dichotomized and analyzed using the Chi-square test using SPSS 21 software. Likewise, data were analyzed through the Logit estimation model. Sixteen organic practices carried out by producers were identified, with a low technological level, in fertilization and pest and disease control practices. There was a highly significant association between technology adoption and the variables family labor (p: 0.029), environmental measure (p: <0.000), knowledge (p: <0.003) and ecological motivation (p: <0.006). Logit estimation determined that economic motivation (0.84826) and family labor (0.69501) had a positive impact on technology adoption, and the variable other income (-0.42648) had a negative impact. It is concluded that technology adoption is dependent on environmental and economic factors.