MICROBIOTA INTESTINAL EN LA REGULACIÓN DEL METABOLISMO DEL HIERRO: IMPACTO SOBRE LA HORMONA PEPTÍDICA HEPCIDINA
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El hierro es esencial para procesos como el transporte de oxígeno, la respiración celular y la síntesis de ADN, pero tanto su déficit como su exceso generan alteraciones fisiológicas importantes. La hepcidina, sintetizada principalmente en hepatocitos, emerge como el regulador central del metabolismo sistémico del hierro al inducir la internalización y degradación de la ferroportina, reduciendo así la absorción intestinal y la liberación de hierro desde macrófagos y hepatocitos. La microbiota intestinal, compuesta por billones de microorganismos con funciones metabólicas e inmunológicas, también modula esta red regulatoria. Estudios en modelos animales señalan que regula la expresión de hepcidina y la concentración sérica de hierro. Además, la disbiosis intestinal, que promueve la inflamación sistémica, incrementa la hepcidina y contribuye a la anemia asociada a inflamación. Por otro lado, la evidencia disponible sugiere que probióticos y prebióticos pueden influir favorablemente en la absorción de hierro, posiblemente mediante la modulación de la microbiota, la integridad intestinal y la reducción de hepcidina. Esta revisión aborda la relación entre microbiota intestinal, hepcidina y homeostasis del hierro, destacando su relevancia en la anemia.
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