LA CONTRIBUCIÓN DE LA ANDRAGOGÍA AL DESARROLLO DE COMPETENCIAS ASOCIADAS A LA POLIMATÍA: UNA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA DE LA LITERATURA
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La transformación tecnológica con transversalidad trae consigo automatización de tareas rutinarias y especializadas, aumentando la necesidad de profesionales capaces de integrar conocimientos provenientes de múltiples disciplinas, adaptarse al cambio y aprender de manera permanente. La polimatía ha resurgido como enfoque relevante para comprender perfiles intelectuales capaces de afrontar problemas complejos; sin embargo, se ha estudiado separadamente andragogía, aprendizaje autodirigido y polimatía, existiendo escasa evidencia que integre estos tres constructos en un mismo marco conceptual. Esta revisión sistemática bajo metodología PRISMA 2020, analiza la contribución de la andragogía al desarrollo de competencias asociadas a la polimatía en personas adultas. Se revisaron bases de datos Scopus, Web of Science, ERIC, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Taylor & Francis Online y Google Scholar, considerándose artículos en español e inglés publicados entre 2000 y 2026. Se desarrolló análisis temático relacionado con autonomía, aprendizaje autodirigido, metacognición, aprendizaje permanente, interdisciplinariedad, creatividad y transferencia del conocimiento. Se identificaron 60 estudios. La andragogía favorece el desarrollo de ambientes educativos orientados hacia la autonomía, motivación intrínseca y aprendizaje basado en problemas, condiciones que facilitan el aprendizaje autodirigido; este fortalece competencias como metacognición, autorregulación, aprendizaje permanente, integración interdisciplinaria y transferencia del conocimiento entre dominios. La principal contribución de la andragogía es generar condiciones educativas que promueven el aprendizaje autodirigido y el fortalecimiento de competencias transversales asociadas con perfiles polímatas. Se propone un modelo conceptual integrador que articule principios andragógicos, aprendizaje autodirigido y competencias transversales como base para explicar el desarrollo progresivo de un perfil polímata, planteando una agenda para su validación empírica.
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